рзм 4-19-13087/3 от 29.09.2003

( and ), which prevent infection with the HPV types (16 and 18) that cause 70% of cervical cancer, may lead to further decreases.

Pap smears have reduced the incidence and fatalities of cervical cancer in the developed world, but even so there were 11,000 cases and 3,900 deaths in the U.S. in 2008. Cervical cancer has substantial mortality in resource-poor areas; worldwide, there are an estimated 490,000 cases and 270,000 deaths each year.

In more developed countries, cervical screening using a (Pap) test or liquid-based cytology is used to detect abnormal cells that may develop into cancer. If abnormal cells are found, women are invited to have a . During a colposcopic inspection, biopsies can be taken and abnormal areas can be removed with a simple procedure, typically with a or, more commonly in the developing world пІп‚БЂ« (cryotherapy). Treating abnormal cells in this way can prevent them from developing into cervical cancer.

Most HPV infections in young females are temporary and have little long-term significance. Seventy percent of infections are gone in 1 year and ninety percent in 2 years. However, when the infection persists пІп‚БЂ« in 5% to 10% of infected women пІп‚БЂ« there is high risk of developing precancerous lesions of the cervix, which can progress to invasive cervical cancer. This process usually takes 10пІп‚БЂњ15 years, providing many opportunities for detection and treatment of the pre-cancerous lesion. Progression to invasive cancer can be almost always prevented when standard prevention strategies are applied, but the lesions still cause considerable burden necessitating preventive surgeries, which do in many cases involve loss of fertility.

More than 30 to 40 types of HPV are typically transmitted through sexual contact and infect the . Some sexually transmitted HPV types may cause . Persistent infection with "high-risk" HPV types пІп‚БЂ« different from the ones that cause skin warts пІп‚БЂ« may progress to lesions and invasive cancer. HPV infection is a cause of nearly all cases of . However, most infections with these types do not cause disease.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a from the family that is capable of infecting humans. Like all papillomaviruses, HPVs establish productive infections only in of the or . While the majority of the known types of HPV cause no symptoms in most people, some types can cause (verrucae), while others can пІп‚БЂњ in a minority of cases пІп‚БЂњ lead to cancers of the , , , , and . Recently, HPV has been linked with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition, HPV 16 and 18 infections are strongly associated with an increased odds ratio of developing oropharyngeal (throat) cancer.

Classification and external resources

The article covers the general biological features of human and animal papillomaviruses.

"HPV" redirects here. For other uses, see .

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Human papillomavirus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia